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Science 3 December 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5446, pp. 1893 - 1897
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5446.1893
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Review

Quality Control Mechanisms During Translation

Michael Ibba, 1 and Dieter Söll 2*

Translation uses the genetic information in messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize proteins. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are charged with an amino acid and brought to the ribosome, where they are paired with the corresponding trinucleotide codon in mRNA. The amino acid is attached to the nascent polypeptide and the ribosome moves on to the next codon. The cycle is then repeated to produce a full-length protein. Proofreading and editing processes are used throughout protein synthesis to ensure the faithful translation of genetic information. The maturation of tRNAs and mRNAs is monitored, as is the identity of amino acids attached to tRNAs. Accuracy is further enhanced during the selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs on the ribosome and their base pairing with mRNA. Recent studies have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms underpinning quality control and go some way to explaining the phenomenal accuracy of translation first observed over three decades ago.

1 Center for Biomolecular Recognition, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory B, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
2 Departments of Chemistry; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Post Office Box 208114, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA. E-mail: soll{at}trna.chem.yale.edu

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