Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 1 October 2004:
Vol. 306. no. 5693, pp. 79 - 86
DOI: 10.1126/science.1101156
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

The Genome of the Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana: Ecology, Evolution, and Metabolism

E. Virginia Armbrust,1* John A. Berges,2 Chris Bowler,3,4 Beverley R. Green,5 Diego Martinez,6 Nicholas H. Putnam,6 Shiguo Zhou,7 Andrew E. Allen,8,4 Kirk E. Apt,9 Michael Bechner,7 Mark A. Brzezinski,10 Balbir K. Chaal,5 Anthony Chiovitti,11 Aubrey K. Davis,12 Mark S. Demarest,10 J. Chris Detter,6 Tijana Glavina,6 David Goodstein,6 Masood Z. Hadi,13 Uffe Hellsten,6 Mark Hildebrand,12 Bethany D. Jenkins,14 Jerzy Jurka,15 Vladimir V. Kapitonov,15 Nils Kröger,16 Winnie W. Y. Lau,1 Todd W. Lane,17 Frank W. Larimer,18,6 J. Casey Lippmeier,9,19 Susan Lucas,6 Mónica Medina,6 Anton Montsant,3,4 Miroslav Obornik,5{dagger} Micaela Schnitzler Parker,1 Brian Palenik,12 Gregory J. Pazour,20 Paul M. Richardson,6 Tatiana A. Rynearson,1 Mak A. Saito,21 David C. Schwartz,7 Kimberlee Thamatrakoln,12 Klaus Valentin,22 Assaf Vardi,4 Frances P. Wilkerson,23 Daniel S. Rokhsar6,24*

Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for ~20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million–base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand–base pair plastid and 44 thousand–base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.

1 School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
3 Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Stazione Zoologica, Villa Comunale, I 80121 Naples, Italy. Organismes Photosynthétiques et Environnement, Département de Biologie, 75230 Paris, France.
4 Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris, France.
5 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z4.
6 Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.
7 Departments of Genetics and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
8 Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
9 Martek Biosciences Corp, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
10 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
11 School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
12 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
13 Lockheed Martin Corporation, Sandia National Laboratory, Post Office Box 969, MS-9951, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
14 Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
15 Genetic Information Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
16 Lehrstuhl Biochemie I, Universität Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
17 Biosystems Research Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551–0969.
18 Genome Analysis Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
19 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
20 Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
21 Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
22 Alfred Wegener Institute, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
23 Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
24 Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA



{dagger} Present address: Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: armbrust{at}ocean.washington.edu (E.V.A.), dsrokhsar{at}lbl.gov (D.S.R.)

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The endosymbiotic origin, diversification and fate of plastids.
P. J. Keeling (2010)
Phil Trans R Soc B 365, 729-748
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Peroxisome diversity and evolution.
T. Gabaldon (2010)
Phil Trans R Soc B 365, 765-773
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Eukaryotic and Eubacterial Contributions to the Establishment of Plastid Proteome Estimated by Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses.
K. Suzuki and S.-y. Miyagishima (2010)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 27, 581-590
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of an Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Silaffin Kinase from the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
V. Sheppard, N. Poulsen, and N. Kroger (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 1166-1176
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Use of Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen by Synechococcus spp. and Diatoms on the West Florida Shelf as Measured Using Stable Isotope Probing.
B. Wawrik, A. V. Callaghan, and D. A. Bronk (2009)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 75, 6662-6670
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzyme Phosphoribulokinase in the Stramenopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting Mollusc Elysia chlorotica.
M. E. Rumpho, S. Pochareddy, J. M. Worful, E. J. Summer, D. Bhattacharya, K. N. Pelletreau, M. S. Tyler, J. Lee, J. R. Manhart, and K. M. Soule (2009)
Mol Plant 2, 1384-1396
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene silencing in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
V. De Riso, R. Raniello, F. Maumus, A. Rogato, C. Bowler, and A. Falciatore (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, e96
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chitin in Diatoms and Its Association with the Cell Wall.
C. A. Durkin, T. Mock, and E. V. Armbrust (2009)
Eukaryot. Cell 8, 1038-1050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prochlorococcus: Approved for export.
Z. I. Johnson and Y. Lin (2009)
PNAS 106, 10400-10401
   Full Text »    PDF »
Seeing Green and Red in Diatom Genomes.
T. Dagan and W. Martin (2009)
Science 324, 1651-1652
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Photosystem II Complex in Vivo Is a Monomer.
T. Takahashi, N. Inoue-Kashino, S.-i. Ozawa, Y. Takahashi, Y. Kashino, and K. Satoh (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 15598-15606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Presence and Localization of Thioredoxins in Diatoms, Unicellular Algae of Secondary Endosymbiotic Origin.
T. Weber, A. Gruber, and P. G. Kroth (2009)
Mol Plant 2, 468-477
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Catalytic Core of a Membrane-Associated Eukaryotic Polyphosphate Polymerase.
M. Hothorn, H. Neumann, E. D. Lenherr, M. Wehner, V. Rybin, P. O. Hassa, A. Uttenweiler, M. Reinhardt, A. Schmidt, J. Seiler, et al. (2009)
Science 324, 513-516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diatom plastids depend on nucleotide import from the cytosol.
M. Ast, A. Gruber, S. Schmitz-Esser, H. E. Neuhaus, P. G. Kroth, M. Horn, and I. Haferkamp (2009)
PNAS 106, 3621-3626
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Evolution and Function of Carotenoid Hydroxylases in Arabidopsis.
J. Kim, J. J. Smith, L. Tian, and D. DellaPenna (2009)
Plant Cell Physiol. 50, 463-479
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three extant genera of freshwater thalassiosiroid diatoms from Middle Eocene sediments in northern Canada.
A. P. Wolfe and P. A. Siver (2009)
Am. J. Botany 96, 487-497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kinomer v. 1.0: a database of systematically classified eukaryotic protein kinases.
D. M. A. Martin, D. Miranda-Saavedra, and G. J. Barton (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D244-D250
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Update of the Diatom EST Database: a new tool for digital transcriptomics.
U. Maheswari, T. Mock, E. V. Armbrust, and C. Bowler (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D1001-D1005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ancient Recruitment by Chromists of Green Algal Genes Encoding Enzymes for Carotenoid Biosynthesis.
R. Frommolt, S. Werner, H. Paulsen, R. Goss, C. Wilhelm, S. Zauner, U. G. Maier, A. R. Grossman, D. Bhattacharya, and M. Lohr (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 2653-2667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Factor To Upregulate the Death-Specific Protein in a Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum, during Blockage of Electron Flow in Photosynthesis.
C.-C. Chung, S.-P. L. Hwang, and J. Chang (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 6521-6527
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clues about the Genetic Basis of Adaptation Emerge from Comparing the Proteomes of Two Ostreococcus Ecotypes (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae).
S. Jancek, S. Gourbiere, H. Moreau, and G. Piganeau (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 2293-2300
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Physiological and Transcriptomic Evidence for a Close Coupling between Chloroplast Ontogeny and Cell Cycle Progression in the Pennate Diatom Seminavis robusta.
J. Gillard, V. Devos, M. J.J. Huysman, L. De Veylder, S. D'Hondt, C. Martens, P. Vanormelingen, K. Vannerum, K. Sabbe, V. A. Chepurnov, et al. (2008)
Plant Physiology 148, 1394-1411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
slr1923 of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Is Essential for Conversion of 3,8-Divinyl(proto)chlorophyll(ide) to 3-Monovinyl(proto)chlorophyll(ide).
M. R. Islam, S. Aikawa, T. Midorikawa, Y. Kashino, K. Satoh, and H. Koike (2008)
Plant Physiology 148, 1068-1081
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The origin of plastids.
C.J Howe, A.C Barbrook, R.E.R Nisbet, P.J Lockhart, and A.W.D Larkum (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 2675-2685
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A New Multicomponent NPQ Mechanism in the Diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana.
I. Grouneva, T. Jakob, C. Wilhelm, and R. Goss (2008)
Plant Cell Physiol. 49, 1217-1225
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Whole-cell response of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to iron starvation.
A. E. Allen, J. LaRoche, U. Maheswari, M. Lommer, N. Schauer, P. J. Lopez, G. Finazzi, A. R. Fernie, and C. Bowler (2008)
PNAS 105, 10438-10443
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Whole-genome expression profiling of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana identifies genes involved in silicon bioprocesses.
T. Mock, M. P. Samanta, V. Iverson, C. Berthiaume, M. Robison, K. Holtermann, C. Durkin, S. S. BonDurant, K. Richmond, M. Rodesch, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 1579-1584
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mining the diatom genome for the mechanism of biosilicification.
M. A. Brzezinski (2008)
PNAS 105, 1391-1392
   Full Text »    PDF »
Iron Starvation and Culture Age Activate Metacaspases and Programmed Cell Death in the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
K. D. Bidle and S. J. Bender (2008)
Eukaryot. Cell 7, 223-236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Thiamine biosynthesis in algae is regulated by riboswitches.
M. T. Croft, M. Moulin, M. E. Webb, and A. G. Smith (2007)
PNAS 104, 20770-20775
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AUREOCHROME, a photoreceptor required for photomorphogenesis in stramenopiles.
F. Takahashi, D. Yamagata, M. Ishikawa, Y. Fukamatsu, Y. Ogura, M. Kasahara, T. Kiyosue, M. Kikuyama, M. Wada, and H. Kataoka (2007)
PNAS 104, 19625-19630
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Major Route for Chlorophyll Synthesis Includes [3,8-divinyl]-chlorophyllide a Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana.
N. Nagata, R. Tanaka, and A. Tanaka (2007)
Plant Cell Physiol. 48, 1803-1808
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions.
S. S. Merchant, S. E. Prochnik, O. Vallon, E. H. Harris, S. J. Karpowicz, G. B. Witman, A. Terry, A. Salamov, L. K. Fritz-Laylin, L. Marechal-Drouard, et al. (2007)
Science 318, 245-250
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C3 and C4 Pathways of Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Marine Diatoms Are under Genetic, Not Environmental, Control.
K. Roberts, E. Granum, R. C. Leegood, and J. A. Raven (2007)
Plant Physiology 145, 230-235
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intron length distributions and gene prediction.
S. W. Roy and D. Penny (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 4737-4742
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Very High Fraction of Unique Intron Positions in the Intron-Rich Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Indicates Widespread Intron Gain.
S. W. Roy and D. Penny (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1447-1457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salinity-dependent diatom biosilicification implies an important role of external ionic strength.
E. G. Vrieling, Q. Sun, M. Tian, P. J. Kooyman, W. W. C. Gieskes, R. A. van Santen, and N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk (2007)
PNAS 104, 10441-10446
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Lipid Biosynthesis in the Unicellular Rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae: Lack of a Plastidic Desaturation Pathway Results in the Coupled Pathway of Galactolipid Synthesis.
N. Sato and T. Moriyama (2007)
Eukaryot. Cell 6, 1006-1017
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Membrane-Associated CpcG2-Phycobilisome in Synechocystis: A New Photosystem I Antenna.
K. Kondo, Y. Ochiai, M. Katayama, and M. Ikeuchi (2007)
Plant Physiology 144, 1200-1210
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The tiny eukaryote Ostreococcus provides genomic insights into the paradox of plankton speciation.
B. Palenik, J. Grimwood, A. Aerts, P. Rouze, A. Salamov, N. Putnam, C. Dupont, R. Jorgensen, E. Derelle, S. Rombauts, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 7705-7710
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PhyloGena a user-friendly system for automated phylogenetic annotation of unknown sequences.
K. Hanekamp, U. Bohnebeck, B. Beszteri, and K. Valentin (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 793-801
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tracing the Evolution of the Light-Harvesting Antennae in Chlorophyll a/b-Containing Organisms.
A. G. Koziol, T. Borza, K.-I. Ishida, P. Keeling, R. W. Lee, and D. G. Durnford (2007)
Plant Physiology 143, 1802-1816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A single-molecule barcoding system using nanoslits for DNA analysis.
K. Jo, D. M. Dhingra, T. Odijk, J. J. de Pablo, M. D. Graham, R. Runnheim, D. Forrest, and D. C. Schwartz (2007)
PNAS 104, 2673-2678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Thalassiosira pseudonana Silicon Transporters Indicates Distinct Regulatory Levels and Transport Activity through the Cell Cycle.
K. Thamatrakoln and M. Hildebrand (2007)
Eukaryot. Cell 6, 271-279
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary Processes During the Formation of the Plant-Specific Dof Transcription Factor Family.
M. Shigyo, N. Tabei, T. Yoneyama, and S. Yanagisawa (2007)
Plant Cell Physiol. 48, 179-185
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chimeric Plastid Proteome in the Florida "Red Tide" Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.
T. Nosenko, K. L. Lidie, F. M. Van Dolah, E. Lindquist, J.-F. Cheng, US Department of Energy-Joint Genome Institute, and D. Bhattacharya (2006)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 2026-2038
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate uptake by marine phytoplankton..
M. Vila-Costa, R. Simo, H. Harada, J. M. Gasol, D. Slezak, and R. P. Kiene (2006)
Science 314, 652-654
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Algae Need Their Vitamins.
M. T. Croft, M. J. Warren, and A. G. Smith (2006)
Eukaryot. Cell 5, 1175-1183
   Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features.
E. Derelle, C. Ferraz, S. Rombauts, P. Rouze, A. Z. Worden, S. Robbens, F. Partensky, S. Degroeve, S. Echeynie, R. Cooke, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 11647-11652
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene Expression Induced by Copper Stress in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
A. K. Davis, M. Hildebrand, and B. Palenik (2006)
Eukaryot. Cell 5, 1157-1168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Diatoms, the Transthylakoid Proton Gradient Regulates the Photoprotective Non-photochemical Fluorescence Quenching Beyond its Control on the Xanthophyll Cycle.
J. Lavaud and P. G. Kroth (2006)
Plant Cell Physiol. 47, 1010-1016
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Complete nucleotide sequence of the chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph: Nature's smallest nucleus.
P. R. Gilson, V. Su, C. H. Slamovits, M. E. Reith, P. J. Keeling, and G. I. McFadden (2006)
PNAS 103, 9566-9571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Membrane transporters in the relict plastid of malaria parasites.
K. A. Mullin, L. Lim, S. A. Ralph, T. P. Spurck, E. Handman, and G. I. McFadden (2006)
PNAS 103, 9572-9577
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phylogenetic history of plastid-targeted proteins in the peridinin-containing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra.
R. F. Waller, N. J. Patron, and P. J. Keeling (2006)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1439-1447
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oceanographic basis of the global surface distribution of Prochlorococcus ecotypes..
H. A. Bouman, O. Ulloa, D. J. Scanlan, K. Zwirglmaier, W. K. W. Li, T. Platt, V. Stuart, R. Barlow, O. Leth, L. Clementson, et al. (2006)
Science 312, 918-921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A "Holistic" Kinesin Phylogeny Reveals New Kinesin Families and Predicts Protein Functions.
B. Wickstead and K. Gull (2006)
Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 1734-1743
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phylogenomic Analysis Identifies Red Algal Genes of Endosymbiotic Origin in the Chromalveolates.
S. Li, T. Nosenko, J. D. Hackett, and D. Bhattacharya (2006)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 663-674
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ancient Origin of Elicitin Gene Clusters in Phytophthora Genomes.
R. H. Y. Jiang, B. M. Tyler, S. C. Whisson, A. R. Hardham, and F. Govers (2006)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 338-351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression for Gene Discovery and Transcriptome Profiling in the Widespread Marine Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi.
S. T. Dyhrman, S. T. Haley, S. R. Birkeland, L. L. Wurch, M. J. Cipriano, and A. G. McArthur (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 252-260
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Proteins from a Cell Wall Fraction of the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: Insights into Silica Structure Formation.
L. G. Frigeri, T. R. Radabaugh, P. A. Haynes, and M. Hildebrand (2006)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5, 182-193
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cooccurrence of ScDSP Gene Expression, Cell Death, and DNA Fragmentation in a Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum.
C.-C. Chung, S.-P. L. Hwang, and J. Chang (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 8744-8751
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Actin-related Proteins.
J. Muller, Y. Oma, L. Vallar, E. Friederich, O. Poch, and B. Winsor (2005)
Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 5736-5748
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mosaic Origin of the Heme Biosynthesis Pathway in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes.
M. Obornik and B. R. Green (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 2343-2353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Whole-Genome Shotgun Optical Mapping of Rhodospirillum rubrum.
S. Reslewic, S. Zhou, M. Place, Y. Zhang, A. Briska, S. Goldstein, C. Churas, R. Runnheim, D. Forrest, A. Lim, et al. (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 5511-5522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three globin lineages belonging to two structural classes in genomes from the three kingdoms of life.
S. N. Vinogradov, D. Hoogewijs, X. Bailly, R. Arredondo-Peter, M. Guertin, J. Gough, S. Dewilde, L. Moens, and J. R. Vanfleteren (2005)
PNAS 102, 11385-11389
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reciprocal Fusions of Two Genes in the Formaldehyde Detoxification Pathway in Ciliates and Diatoms.
N. A. Stover, A. R. O. Cavalcanti, A. J. Li, B. C. Richardson, and L. F. Landweber (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1539-1542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomes, phylogeny, and evolutionary systems biology.
M. Medina (2005)
PNAS 102, 6630-6635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-Based Examination of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
M. Lohr, C.-S. Im, and A. R. Grossman (2005)
Plant Physiology 138, 490-515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diatom Plastids Possess a Phosphoribulokinase with an Altered Regulation and No Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway.
A. K. Michels, N. Wedel, and P. G. Kroth (2005)
Plant Physiology 137, 911-920
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Paths toward Algal Genomics.
A. R. Grossman (2005)
Plant Physiology 137, 410-427
   Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative Genomics of the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
A. Montsant, K. Jabbari, U. Maheswari, and C. Bowler (2005)
Plant Physiology 137, 500-513
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Diatom EST Database.
U. Maheswari, A. Montsant, J. Goll, S. Krishnasamy, K. R. Rajyashri, V. M. Patell, and C. Bowler (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, D344-D347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comment on "The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton".
P. J. Keeling, J. M. Archibald, N. M. Fast, and J. D. Palmer (2004)
Science 306, 2191b
   Full Text »    PDF »
Genome Update: correlation of bacterial genomic properties.
P. F. Hallin, T. Coenye, T. T. Binnewies, H. Jarmer, H.-H. Staerfeldt, and D. W. Ussery (2004)
Microbiology 150, 3899-3903
   Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)