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Published Online April 29, 2004
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1097468

Reports

Submitted on March 3, 2004
Accepted on April 19, 2004

Vesicular Glutamate Transporters 1 and 2 Target to Functionally Distinct Synaptic Release Sites

Robert T. Fremeau Jr. 1, Kaiwen Kam 2, Tayyaba Qureshi 3, Juliette Johnson 4, David R. Copenhagen 4, Jon Storm-Mathisen 3, Farrukh A. Chaudhry 3, Roger A. Nicoll 2*, Robert H. Edwards 1*

1 Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, CA, USA.
2 Departments of Physiology and Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF School of Medicine, CA, USA.
3 Anatomical Institute & Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1105 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
4 Departments of Physiology and Ophthalmology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UCSF School of Medicine, CA, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Roger A. Nicoll , E-mail: nicoll{at}cmp.ucsf.edu
Robert H. Edwards , E-mail: edwards{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT) 1 and 2 show a mutually exclusive distribution in adult brain that suggests specialization for synapses with different properties of release. Consistent with this distribution, inactivation of the VGLUT1 gene silenced a subset of excitatory neurons in the adult. However, the same cell populations exhibited VGLUT1-independent transmission early in life. Developing hippocampal neurons transiently co-expressed VGLUT2 and VGLUT1 at distinct synaptic sites with different short-term plasticity. The loss of VGLUT1 also reduced the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles. Thus, VGLUT1 plays an unanticipated role in membrane trafficking at the nerve terminal.


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