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Science 9 February 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5250, pp. 795 - 799
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5250.795
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Reports

Overstretching B-DNA: The Elastic Response of Individual Double-Stranded and Single-Stranded DNA Molecules

Steven B. Smith,  Yujia Cui,  Carlos Bustamante (1)

Single molecules of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) were stretched with force-measuring laser tweezers. Under a longitudinal stress of 65 piconewtons (pN), dsDNA molecules in aqueous buffer undergo a highly cooperative transition into a stable form with 5.8 angstroms rise per base pair, that is, 70% longer than B-form dsDNA. When the stress was relaxed below 65 pN, the molecules rapidly and reversibly contracted to their normal contour lengths. This transition was affected by changes in the ionic strength of the medium and the water activity or by cross-linking of the two strands of dsDNA. Individual molecules of single-stranded DNA were also stretched giving a persistence length of 7.5 angstroms and a stretch modulus of 800 pN. The overstretched form may play a significant role in the energetics of DNA recombination.


S. B. Smith, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Y. Cui, Institute of Molecular Biology and Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
C. Bustamante, Institute of Molecular Biology, Chemistry Department, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
(1) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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