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Science 25 June 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5679, pp. 1913 - 1914
DOI: 10.1126/science.1100368
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Perspectives

AIDS/HIV:
Developing an AIDS Vaccine: Need, Uncertainty, Hope

Emilio A. Emini and Wayne C. Koff

It is more than 20 years since the identification of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. In their Perspective, Emini and Koff discuss how far we have come in understanding the interaction of HIV with the host immune system, and what we must learn to develop an effective vaccine that will halt the spread of AIDS.

The authors are at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10038, USA.

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Improved Survival in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Recombinants Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Correlates with Reduction in Memory CD4+ T-Cell Loss and Higher Titers of Neutralizing Antibody.
I. Ourmanov, T. Kuwata, R. Goeken, S. Goldstein, R. Iyengar, A. Buckler-White, B. Lafont, and V. M. Hirsch (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 5388-5400
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The failed HIV Merck vaccine study: a step back or a launching point for future vaccine development?.
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J. Exp. Med. 205, 7-12
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Intensified and protective CD4+ T cell immunity in mice with anti-dendritic cell HIV gag fusion antibody vaccine.
C. Trumpfheller, J. S. Finke, C. B. Lopez, T. M. Moran, B. Moltedo, H. Soares, Y. Huang, S. J. Schlesinger, C. G. Park, M. C. Nussenzweig, et al. (2006)
J. Exp. Med. 203, 607-617
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Nature of Nonfunctional Envelope Proteins on the Surface of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
P. L. Moore, E. T. Crooks, L. Porter, P. Zhu, C. S. Cayanan, H. Grise, P. Corcoran, M. B. Zwick, M. Franti, L. Morris, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 2515-2528
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In vivo targeting of dendritic cells for activation of cellular immunity using vaccine carriers based on pH-responsive microparticles.
Y. J. Kwon, E. James, N. Shastri, and J. M. J. Frechet (2005)
PNAS 102, 18264-18268
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Influence of Glycosylation on the Efficacy of an Env-Based Vaccine against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 in a Macaque AIDS Model.
K. Mori, C. Sugimoto, S. Ohgimoto, E. E. Nakayama, T. Shioda, S. Kusagawa, Y. Takebe, M. Kano, T. Matano, T. Yuasa, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 10386-10396
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Stoichiometry of Antibody Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
X. Yang, S. Kurteva, S. Lee, and J. Sodroski (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3500-3508
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Human Dendritic Cells Transduced with Herpes Simplex Virus Amplicons Encoding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 Elicit Adaptive Immune Responses from Human Cells Engrafted into NOD/SCID Mice and Confer Partial Protection against HIV-1 Challenge.
S. Gorantla, K. Santos, V. Meyer, S. Dewhurst, W. J. Bowers, H. J. Federoff, H. E. Gendelman, and L. Poluektova (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 2124-2132
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