SCIENCE CAREERS: Finance's Quant(um) Mechanics

Alaina G. Levine
Science 21 November 2008: 1264-1265.
Summary: One of the earliest "alternative" science careers, quantitative finance is now deeply embedded in the world's finance industry. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE CAREERS: Analyzing Scientific Investments

Amarendra Swarup
Science 21 November 2008: 1266-1267.
Summary: A background in science can be an advantage for analysts charged with determining the value of science-based companies. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 21 November 2008: 1159.
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Editorial:
Opening Japan Up to the World

Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Science 21 November 2008: 1163.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 21 November 2008: 1164.
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Science Podcast

Science 21 November 2008: 1263.
Summary: The 21 November 2008 show includes classifying native and nonnative Galápagos plant species, speeding up DNA sequencing, scientists as financial analysts, and more. Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 21 November 2008: 1263.
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News of the Week

TECHNICAL EXCHANGES: U.S. Visa Delays on the Rise, Scientists Abroad Report

Richard Stone
Science 21 November 2008: 1172-1173.
Summary: A recent slowdown in the processing of U.S. visas for foreign scientists and some seemingly arbitrary visa denials have prompted a fresh look at how to streamline the process. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS: Excess Particles From Space May Hint at Dark Matter

Adrian Cho
Science 21 November 2008: 1173.
Summary: An unexpected abundance of high-energy electrons from space could be evidence of particles of dark matter--the weighty and mysterious stuff whose gravity holds the galaxies together. But if the sightings really do point to dark matter, then physicists may have to revise their ideas about what the stuff is. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GLOBAL HEALTH: Malaria Drugs, the Coca-Cola Way

Martin Enserink
Science 21 November 2008: 1174.
Summary: On 7 November, the Board of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria voted to adopt a new financing system aimed at bringing the best malaria drugs at rock-bottom prices to the local private-sector stores where most Africans buy their drugs--by letting the market do the work. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CRIMINOLOGY: Study Shows How Degraded Surroundings Can Degrade Behavior

Constance Holden
Science 21 November 2008: 1175.
Summary: In a series of cleverly designed experiments reported in a paper published online by Science this week, researchers found that if people see one norm or rule being violated (such as graffiti or a vehicle parked illegally), they're more likely to violate others--such as littering, or even stealing. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DEVELOPING WORLD: The New Groove in Science Aid: South-South Initiatives

Robert Koenig
Science 21 November 2008: 1176-1177.
Summary: In addition to helping to close the divide between the research capabilities of the northern and southern hemispheres, the 871-member Academy of Sciences for the Developing World is now focusing on another divide: the widening gap between the South's scientific haves and have-nots. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: Cast of 1000 Proteins Shines in Movies of Cancer Cells

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 21 November 2008: 1176-1177.
Summary: Systems biologists describe online in Science this week how fluorescent markers and a time-lapse microscope have allowed them an unprecedented view of the fluctuating locations and levels of about 1000 proteins in individual human cancer cells. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 21 November 2008: 1175.
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Random Samples

Science 21 November 2008: 1169.
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Newsmakers

Science 21 November 2008: 1171.
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News Focus

ENERGY: World Oil Crunch Looming?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 21 November 2008: 1178-1179.
Summary: Even those who believe there's plenty of oil left in the ground to meet rising demand are warning that the final crisis could come uncomfortably soon. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SPACE: Cloudy Future for Europe's Space Plans

Daniel Clery
Science 21 November 2008: 1180-1181.
Summary: A string of successful missions had the European Space Agency riding high and making ambitious plans, but the worldwide financial downturn may bring it back to Earth. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MYCOLOGY: Last Stand for the Body Snatcher of the Himalayas?

Richard Stone
Science 21 November 2008: 1182.
Summary: The caterpillar-hijacking fungus Cordyceps sinensis is touted as a natural Viagra. But overharvesting has put the peculiar parasite's back against the wall. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE IN ROMANIA: Reaching for the Stars in Romania

Martin Enserink
Science 21 November 2008: 1183-1185.
Summary: A small association of Romanian scientists, many of them working abroad, is fed up with the slow pace of reforms in their country. And politicians are paying attention. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE IN ROMANIA: At Home in Bucharest, for Better and for Worse

Martin Enserink
Science 21 November 2008: 1184-1185.
Summary: In the late 1980s, communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu sought to demolish the Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology (ICBP) to make way for his "House of the People." Then came the Christmas revolution of 1989. Ceauşescu didn't survive; ICBP did. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Looking Beyond Head Trauma

Darin T. Okuda
Science 21 November 2008: 1186.
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 Fostering a Culture of Responsible Lab Conduct

Ann M. Peiffer, Paul J. Laurienti, and Christina E. Hugenschmidt
Science 21 November 2008: 1186.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 The Path Forward for DNA Data

Paula Boddington, Naomi Hawkins, Catherine Heeney, Jantina de Vries, and Jane Kaye
Science 21 November 2008: 1186-1187.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Priorities Come with the Career

Craig Bolon
Science 21 November 2008: 1187.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 STEM Education Crisis: Overblown?

Andrew Depristo
Science 21 November 2008: 1187.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Changes to NIH Grant System May Backfire

Peter D. Karp, Gavin Sherlock, John A. Gerlt, Ida Sim, Ian Paulsen, Patricia C. Babbitt, Keith Laderoute, Lawrence Hunter, Paul Sternberg, John Wooley, and Philip E. Bourne
Science 21 November 2008: 1187-1188.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Listening to the Ocean's Heartbeat

Elvira S. Poloczanska and Anthony J. Richardson
Science 21 November 2008: 1188.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Legislation Leaves Common Sense Behind

Harold Scarbro
Science 21 November 2008: 1188.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 21 November 2008: 1188.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Who Scientists Are Now

Thomas F. Gieryn
Science 21 November 2008: 1189-1190.
Summary: Shapin's account of the development and current practice of the profession of science spotlights the researchers in the trenches rather than the big thinkers. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

AGRICULTURE: Organic and GM—Why Not?

Mark Tester
Science 21 November 2008: 1190-1191.
Summary: Writing for nonspecialists, Ronald (a rice geneticist) and Adamchak (an organic farmer) argue that the best path to sustainable food production lies through a careful combination of organic farming and genetically engineered plants. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EXHIBITIONS: ART: Global Perspectives

Barbara Jasny
Science 21 November 2008: 1191.
Summary: Using his sixfold perspective, Termes paints optical illusory scenes on the surfaces of spheres. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 21 November 2008: 1191.
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Policy Forum

POLICY: A Force for Peace in the Middle East

Michael Greene
Science 21 November 2008: 1192.
Summary: Support of regional scientific institutions or associations may make a difference. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

ASTRONOMY: Gamma Rays and Neutron Stars

Giovanni F. Bignami
Science 21 November 2008: 1193-1194.
Summary: Satellite and ground observations provide new insights into gamma-ray emissions from neutron stars. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY: Interrogating Molecules

Gilles Doumy and Louis F. DiMauro
Science 21 November 2008: 1194-1195.
Summary: Attosecond laser pulses can reveal the complex electronic processes occurring within molecular systems. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Brain Wnts for Blood Vessels

Eckhard Lammert
Science 21 November 2008: 1195-1196.
Summary: Development of the blood-brain barrier in mammals starts in the embryo, through specific molecules that induce vascular development in the neural tube. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY: Coming Soon to a Library Near You?

Jan Wouters
Science 21 November 2008: 1196-1198.
Summary: Conservation efforts will be aided by a tool that facilitates surveys of the condition of paper in libraries, archives, and museums. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS: The Weight of the World Is Quantum Chromodynamics

Andreas S. Kronfeld
Science 21 November 2008: 1198-1199.
Summary: Ab initio calculations of the proton and neutron masses have now been achieved, a milestone in a 30-year effort of theoretical and computational physics. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MICROBIOLOGY: Rogue Insect Immunity

David S. Schneider and Moria C. Chambers
Science 21 November 2008: 1199-1200.
Summary: Insects use a variety of strategies to fight pathogens at different stages of infection, which may guide antimicrobial development for human use. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

The Psychology of Transcending the Here and Now

Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope
Science 21 November 2008: 1201-1205.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Fossil Pollen as a Guide to Conservation in the Galápagos

Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, Cynthia A. Froyd, W. O. van der Knaap, Emily E. Coffey, Alan Tye, and Katherine J. Willis
Science 21 November 2008: 1206.
Fossil pollen shows that six plant species in the Galápagos, presumed to be invasive, had actually been native to the islands for thousands of years before human colonization. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Research Articles

Time-Resolved Dynamics in N₂O₄ Probed Using High Harmonic Generation

Wen Li, Xibin Zhou, Robynne Lock, Serguei Patchkovskii, Albert Stolow, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Margaret M. Murnane
Science 21 November 2008: 1207-1211.
Published online 30 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1163077] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Electrons can be ejected from multiple orbitals of N₂O₄ by exploiting different stages in its excited vibrations, yielding an attosecond light probe of molecular dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The 2.6 Angstrom Crystal Structure of a Human A_2A Adenosine Receptor Bound to an Antagonist

Veli-Pekka Jaakola, Mark T. Griffith, Michael A. Hanson, Vadim Cherezov, Ellen Y. T. Chien, J. Robert Lane, Adriaan P. IJzerman, and Raymond C. Stevens
Science 21 November 2008: 1211-1217.
Published online 2 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164772] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The ligand binding pocket of the caffeine-binding human adenosine receptor has a different position and orientation than that of other G protein–linked receptors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Discovers the Pulsar in the Young Galactic Supernova Remnant CTA 1

A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, G. Bogaert, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, P. Carlson, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Conrad, S. Cutini, D. S. Davis, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, Y. Edmonds, C. Farnier, W. B. Focke, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, R. C. Hartman, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, Y. Kanai, G. Kanbach, H. Katagiri, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, T. Kishishita, B. Kiziltan, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, N. Komin, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, V. Lonjou, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, M. Marelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mineo, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, T. Nakamori, P. L. Nolan, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, G. Piano, L. Pieri, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, T. L. Schalk, A. Sellerholm, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J.-L. Starck, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, S. E. Thorsett, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, T. L. Usher, A. Van Etten, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, P. Wang, K. Watters, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, H. Yasuda, T. Ylinen, and M. Ziegler
Science 21 November 2008: 1218-1221.
Published online 16 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1165572] (in Science Express Reports)
The Fermi Space Telescope has detected a gamma-ray pulsar associated with a young supernova remnant, implying that such stars may be unidentified gamma-ray sources. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Observation of Pulsed -Rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC

The MAGIC Collaboration
Science 21 November 2008: 1221-1224.
Published online 16 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164718] (in Science Express Reports)
The MAGIC telescope has detected higher-energy, pulsed gamma rays from the Crab pulsar and a threshold suggesting that they are emitted from the outer magnetosphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses

S. Dürr, Z. Fodor, J. Frison, C. Hoelbling, R. Hoffmann, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, T. Kurth, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. K. Szabo, and G. Vulvert
Science 21 November 2008: 1224-1227.
A quantum electrodynamics model that includes a full representation of quarks and their electromagnetic interactions accurately determines the masses of neutrons and protons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

4D Imaging of Transient Structures and Morphologies in Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

Brett Barwick, Hyun Soon Park, Oh-Hoon Kwon, J. Spencer Baskin, and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 21 November 2008: 1227-1231.
Imaging with single electrons can track structural dynamics of gold and graphite in real space with femtosecond temporal resolution and angstrom spatial resolution. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High Harmonic Generation from Multiple Orbitals in N₂

Brian K. McFarland, Joseph P. Farrell, Philip H. Bucksbaum, and Markus Gühr
Science 21 November 2008: 1232-1235.
Published online 30 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162780] (in Science Express Reports)
Electron ejection from multiple N₂ orbitals, controlled by the molecule's orientation relative to a laser, produces attosecond light spectra that can reveal molecular dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Radar Sounding Evidence for Buried Glaciers in the Southern Mid-Latitudes of Mars

John W. Holt, Ali Safaeinili, Jeffrey J. Plaut, James W. Head, Roger J. Phillips, Roberto Seu, Scott D. Kempf, Prateek Choudhary, Duncan A. Young, Nathaniel E. Putzig, Daniela Biccari, and Yonggyu Gim
Science 21 November 2008: 1235-1238.
Radar data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show that a series of lobate landforms at low latitudes are composed primarily of massive ice covered by debris. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Variation in Evolutionary Patterns Across the Geographic Range of a Fossil Bivalve

Melissa Grey, James W. Haggart, and Paul L. Smith
Science 21 November 2008: 1238-1241.
Published online 23 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162046] (in Science Express Reports)
Within a fossil bivalve genus, evolution tended to occur as a random walk at the highest latitudes and to be in stasis mode in deep marine environments. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Selfish Genetic Elements Promote Polyandry in a Fly

T. A. R. Price, D. J. Hodgson, Z. Lewis, G. D. D. Hurst, and N. Wedell
Science 21 November 2008: 1241-1243.
Genes that confer a deleterious sex ratio in Drosophila also decrease male fertility and promote repetitive mating in females, providing a possible explanation of polyandry. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Reaction Cascades Around Chromosomes

Chaitanya A. Athale, Ana Dinarina, Maria Mora-Coral, Céline Pugieux, Francois Nedelec, and Eric Karsenti
Science 21 November 2008: 1243-1247.
Published online 23 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1161820] (in Science Express Reports)
A reaction-diffusion model involving regulatory molecules and a microtubule-stabilizing phosphoprotein predicts the spatial distribution of microtubules during cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Canonical Wnt Signaling Regulates Organ-Specific Assembly and Differentiation of CNS Vasculature

Jan M. Stenman, Jay Rajagopal, Thomas J. Carroll, Makoto Ishibashi, Jill McMahon, and Andrew P. McMahon
Science 21 November 2008: 1247-1250.
In mice, two specialized ligands for a key developmental signaling pathway are produced by neuroepithelial cells and direct endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Pancreatic β Cell Mass by Neuronal Signals from the Liver

Junta Imai, Hideki Katagiri, Tetsuya Yamada, Yasushi Ishigaki, Toshinobu Suzuki, Hirohito Kudo, Kenji Uno, Yutaka Hasegawa, Junhong Gao, Keizo Kaneko, Hisamitsu Ishihara, Akira Niijima, Masamitsu Nakazato, Tomoichiro Asano, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, and Yoshitomo Oka
Science 21 November 2008: 1250-1254.
In obese mice, fat tissue stimulates proliferation of insulin-producing pancreatic cells via a neural relay through the liver, contributing to symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Control of Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Blooms by Serial Parasitic Killers

Aurelie Chambouvet, Pascal Morin, Dominique Marie, and Laure Guillou
Science 21 November 2008: 1254-1257.
As successive populations of protists have caused summer red tides in France, each has been killed off by a distinct, persistent parasite, establishing a self-regulating ecosystem. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antimicrobial Defense and Persistent Infection in Insects

Eleanor R. Haine, Yannick Moret, Michael T. Siva-Jothy, and Jens Rolff
Science 21 November 2008: 1257-1259.
Flies fight some infections by quickly engulfing bacteria in phagocytic cells then deploying antimicrobial peptides, a system that avoids bacterial resistance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multi-University Research Teams: Shifting Impact, Geography, and Stratification in Science

Benjamin F. Jones, Stefan Wuchty, and Brian Uzzi
Science 21 November 2008: 1259-1262.
Published online 9 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1158357] (in Science Express Reports)
Over the past 30 years, scientific papers have become increasingly likely to be written by teams of authors from more than one of a small number of elite universities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|