This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 29 October 2004: 775.
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Editorial:
Election Science

Donald Kennedy
Science 29 October 2004: 779.
Published online 21 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106364] (in Science Express Editorial)
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 29 October 2004: 781.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 29 October 2004: 787.
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 AAAS News & Notes

Science 29 October 2004: 824-827.

 New Products

Science 29 October 2004: 889.
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News of the Week

HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS:
Accident Shuts Down SLAC, Spurs Probe of Safety Rules

Adrian Cho
Science 29 October 2004: 788.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
New Species of Small Human Found in Indonesia

Ann Gibbons
Science 29 October 2004: 789.
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MEDICINE:
A Wily Recruiter in the Battle Against Toxic Amyloid Aggregation

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 29 October 2004: 791-792.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Prozac Treatment of Newborn Mice Raises Anxiety

Constance Holden
Science 29 October 2004: 792.
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PHYSICS:
Fundamental Constants Appear Constant--At Least Recently

Charles Seife
Science 29 October 2004: 793.
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DIABETES RESEARCH:
Broad-Novartis Venture Promises a No-Strings, Public Gene Database

Andrew Lawler
Science 29 October 2004: 795.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
Worm's Light-Sensing Proteins Suggest Eye's Single Origin

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 29 October 2004: 796-797.
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EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL:
Only the Details Are Devilish for New Funding Agency

Martin Enserink
Science 29 October 2004: 796.
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES:
United Nations Tackles Cloning Question--Again

Gretchen Vogel
Science 29 October 2004: 797.
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ScienceScope

Science 29 October 2004: 791.
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Random Samples

Science 29 October 2004: 808.
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News Focus

SCIENCE OF ELECTIONS:
Gambling With Our Votes?

Charles Seife
Science 29 October 2004: 798-799.
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SCIENCE OF ELECTIONS:
How Strategists Design the Perfect Candidate

Mark Buchanan
Science 29 October 2004: 799-800.
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PLANT ECOLOGY:
Measuring the Significance of a Scientist's Touch

David Malakoff
Science 29 October 2004: 801.
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POLAR SCIENCE:
China Takes Bold Steps Into Antarctic's Forbidding Interior

Yang Jianxiang
Science 29 October 2004: 803-804.
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SUSAN HERRING PROFILE:
Getting Inside Your Head

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 29 October 2004: 804-805.
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THERMOELECTRICS:
Temperature Rises for Devices That Turn Heat Into Electricity

Robert F. Service
Science 29 October 2004: 806-807.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 29 October 2004: 811.
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 Budget Cuts Affecting Natural History

Robert E. Gropp
Science 29 October 2004: 811.
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 Tuition Costs and Funding Needy Students

Gerald H. Newsom
Science 29 October 2004: 811.
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 Controversies Over Tuition Increases

Robert M. Rosenzweig
Science 29 October 2004: 811.
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 Sensitive Versus Classified Information

David P. Vernon; and Donald Kennedy
Science 29 October 2004: 811-812.
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 Selection for Asymmetry

A. Richard Palmer; and Richard C. Lewontin
Science 29 October 2004: 812-813.
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 Microbial Diversity in Archived Soils

J. Dolfing, A. Vos, J. Bloem, P. A. I. Ehlert, N. B. Naumova, and P. J. Kuikman
Science 29 October 2004: 813.
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Books et al.

DEVELOPMENT:
Life from Repeated Parts

Lauren Ancel Meyers
Science 29 October 2004: 814-815.
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AGRICULTURE:
Changing Genes to Feed the World

David Pimentel
Science 29 October 2004: 815.
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 Books Received

Science 29 October 2004: 815.

Policy Forum

CLIMATE POLICY:
Enhanced: An Effective Approach to Climate Change

Eileen Claussen
Science 29 October 2004: 816.
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Perspectives

GEOPHYSICS:
Changing Views on Earth's Deep Mantle

Robert D. van der Hilst
Science 29 October 2004: 817-818.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
How Active Sites Communicate in Thiamine Enzymes

Frank Jordan
Science 29 October 2004: 818-820.
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CHEMISTRY:
Polymorphism in Liquids

Jeff L. Yarger and George H. Wolf
Science 29 October 2004: 820-821.
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PHYSICS:
Ancient Lessons for Our Future Climate

Daniel P. Schrag and Richard B. Alley
Science 29 October 2004: 821-822.
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PLANT BIOLOGY:
Plant Acupuncture: Sticking PINs in the Right Places

Nicholas J. Kaplinsky and M. Kathryn Barton
Science 29 October 2004: 822-823.
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Review

Symmetry Breaking and the Evolution of Development

A. Richard Palmer
Science 29 October 2004: 828-833.
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Brevia

Partner-Specific Odor Recognition in an Antarctic Seabird

Francesco Bonadonna and Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Science 29 October 2004: 835.
After long separations, tube-nosed seabirds recognize their lifelong mates by their smell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager

A. C. S. Readhead, S. T. Myers, T. J. Pearson, J. L. Sievers, B. S. Mason, C. R. Contaldi, J. R. Bond, R. Bustos, P. Altamirano, C. Achermann, L. Bronfman, J. E. Carlstrom, J. K. Cartwright, S. Casassus, C. Dickinson, W. L. Holzapfel, J. M. Kovac, E. M. Leitch, J. May, S. Padin, D. Pogosyan, M. Pospieszalski, C. Pryke, R. Reeves, M. C. Shepherd, and S. Torres
Science 29 October 2004: 836-844.
Published online 7 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105598] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Observations of the structure and polarization of microwave light remaining from just after the big bang confirm that the universe is flat and that its expansion has been dominated by dark matter and dark energy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Critical-Like Phenomena Associated with Liquid-Liquid Transition in a Molecular Liquid

Rei Kurita and Hajime Tanaka
Science 29 October 2004: 845-848.
The liquid-liquid phase transition in an organic liquid, triphenyl phosphite, ends in a critical point, implying that there are two paths between the phases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Macroscopic Separation of Dense Fluid Phase and Liquid Phase of Phosphorus

Yoshinori Katayama, Yasuhiro Inamura, Takeshi Mizutani, Masaaki Yamakata, Wataru Utsumi, and Osamu Shimomura
Science 29 October 2004: 848-851.
X-ray radiography shows that a pure substance, phosphorus, can undergo a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition at high pressures and temperatures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Energetics of Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangements in Liquid Water

Jared D. Smith, Christopher D. Cappa, Kevin R. Wilson, Benjamin M. Messer, Ronald C. Cohen, and Richard J. Saykally
Science 29 October 2004: 851-853.
X-ray absorption data show that although most hydrogen bonds in water are abnormal, only about one-fourth are broken; the remainder are just bent or distorted. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle

Jeannot Trampert, Frédéric Deschamps, Joseph Resovsky, and Dave Yuen
Science 29 October 2004: 853-856.
Seismic data and gravity constraints suggest that variations in chemical buoyancy, more so than in thermal buoyancy, cause flow in Earth's lowermost mantle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Runcaria, a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor

P. Gerrienne, B. Meyer-Berthaud, M. Fairon-Demaret, M. Streel, and P. Steemans
Science 29 October 2004: 856-858.
Reexamination of a forgotten plant fossil dating to about 385 million years ago suggests that it was an early wind-pollinated seed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Evolutionary Origin of Cooperators and Defectors

Michael Doebeli, Christoph Hauert, and Timothy Killingback
Science 29 October 2004: 859-862.
When people benefit from their own behavior in a game simulating interpersonal interactions, a group evolves that contains both those who cooperate and those who do not. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A PINOID-Dependent Binary Switch in Apical-Basal PIN Polar Targeting Directs Auxin Efflux

Jirí Friml, Xiong Yang, Marta Michniewicz, Dolf Weijers, Ab Quint, Olaf Tietz, René Benjamins, Pieter B. F. Ouwerkerk, Karin Ljung, Göran Sandberg, Paul J. J. Hooykaas, Klaus Palme, and Remko Offringa
Science 29 October 2004: 862-865.
A kinase directs a molecule that pumps the hormone auxin to the basal side of plant cells, ensuring that auxin moves in the correct direction to signal plant growth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Harnessing Chaperones to Generate Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Amyloid ß Aggregation

Jason E. Gestwicki, Gerald R. Crabtree, and Isabella A. Graef
Science 29 October 2004: 865-869.
The potency of a small inhibitor of amyloid β?aggregation is magnified by attaching a bulky chaperone molecule, pointing to a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ciliary Photoreceptors with a Vertebrate-Type Opsin in an Invertebrate Brain

Detlev Arendt, Kristin Tessmar-Raible, Heidi Snyman, Adriaan W. Dorresteijn, and Joachim Wittbrodt
Science 29 October 2004: 869-871.
The presence of an analog of a vertebrate eye in a primitive worm suggests that prototypes of both insect and vertebrate eyes existed in their last common ancestor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Molecular Switch and Proton Wire Synchronize the Active Sites in Thiamine Enzymes

René A. W. Frank, Christopher M. Titman, J. Venkatesh Pratap, Ben F. Luisi, and Richard N. Perham
Science 29 October 2004: 872-876.
An enzyme shuttles a proton back and forth through a 20-angstrom acidic tunnel to ensure sequential catalysis at its two active sites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Abnormal Cytokinesis in Cells Deficient in the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein BRCA2

Matthew J. Daniels, Yunmei Wang, MiYoung Lee, and Ashok R. Venkitaraman
Science 29 October 2004: 876-879.
Published online 16 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102574] (in Science Express Reports)
A protein that suppresses breast cancer may do so in part by ensuring that daughter cells separate properly after cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Early-Life Blockade of the 5-HT Transporter Alters Emotional Behavior in Adult Mice

Mark S. Ansorge, Mingming Zhou, Alena Lira, René Hen, and Jay A. Gingrich
Science 29 October 2004: 879-881.
Mice treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Prozac) just after birth exhibited abnormal emotional behaviors as adults that resembled those of mice lacking the serotonin transporter. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Kinase C Overactivity Impairs Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Working Memory

S. G. Birnbaum, P. X. Yuan, M. Wang, S. Vijayraghavan, A. K. Bloom, D. J. Davis, K. T. Gobeske, J. D. Sweatt, H. K. Manji, and A. F. T. Arnsten
Science 29 October 2004: 882-884.
When activated by stress, an intracellular signaling enzyme interferes with working memory in rats and monkeys. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Centrosomal Localization Signal in Cyclin E Required for Cdk2-Independent S Phase Entry

Yutaka Matsumoto and James L. Maller
Science 29 October 2004: 885-888.
To initiate DNA synthesis in dividing cells, the cell cycle protein cyclin E is targeted to the centrosome,where it acts independent of its usual protein-binding partner. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Transmembrane Segments of Syntaxin Line the Fusion Pore of Ca²⁺-Triggered Exocytosis"

Joseph A. Szule and Jens R. Coorssen
Science 29 October 2004: 813.
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 Response to Comment on "Transmembrane Segments of Syntaxin Line the Fusion Pore of Ca²⁺-Triggered Exocytosis"

Xue Han and Meyer B. Jackson
Science 29 October 2004: 813.
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