Cassini Reveals Titan

First of Many Returns

Brooks Hanson
Science 13 May 2005: 968.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Viewpoint

Intensive Titan Exploration Begins

Paul R. Mahaffy
Science 13 May 2005: 969-970.
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Reports

Cassini Radar Views the Surface of Titan

C. Elachi, S. Wall, M. Allison, Y. Anderson, R. Boehmer, P. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, E. Flamini, G. Franceschetti, Y. Gim, G. Hamilton, S. Hensley, M. Janssen, W. Johnson, K. Kelleher, R. Kirk, R. Lopes, R. Lorenz, J. Lunine, D. Muhleman, S. Ostro, F. Paganelli, G. Picardi, F. Posa, L. Roth, R. Seu, S. Shaffer, L. Soderblom, B. Stiles, E. Stofan, S. Vetrella, R. West, C. Wood, L. Wye, and H. Zebker
Science 13 May 2005: 970-974.
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Titan's Atmospheric Temperatures, Winds, and Composition

F. M. Flasar, R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. A. Simon-Miller, B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, P. G. J. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, J. Brasunas, J. C. Pearl, M. E. Segura, R. C. Carlson, A. Mamoutkine, P. J. Schinder, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prangé, S. Vinatier, D. F. Strobel, S. B. Calcutt, P. L. Read, F. W. Taylor, N. Bowles, R. E. Samuelson, G. S. Orton, L. J. Spilker, T. C. Owen, J. R. Spencer, M. R. Showalter, C. Ferrari, M. M. Abbas, F. Raulin, S. Edgington, P. Ade, and E. H. Wishnow
Science 13 May 2005: 975-978.
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The Cassini UVIS Stellar Probe of the Titan Atmosphere

Donald E. Shemansky, A. Ian F. Stewart, Robert A. West, Larry W. Esposito, Janet T. Hallett, and Xianming Liu
Science 13 May 2005: 978-982.
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Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Results from the First Flyby of Titan

J. Hunter Waite, Jr., Hasso Niemann, Roger V. Yelle, Wayne T. Kasprzak, Thomas E. Cravens, Janet G. Luhmann, Ralph L. McNutt, Wing-Huen Ip, David Gell, Virginie De La Haye, Ingo Müller-Wordag, Brian Magee, Nathan Borggren, Steve Ledvina, Greg Fletcher, Erin Walter, Ryan Miller, Stefan Scherer, Rob Thorpe, Jing Xu, Bruce Block, and Ken Arnett
Science 13 May 2005: 982-986.
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Cassini Measurements of Cold Plasma in the Ionosphere of Titan

J.-E. Wahlund, R. Boström, G. Gustafsson, D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, A. Pedersen, T. F. Averkamp, G. B. Hospodarsky, A. M. Persoon, P. Canu, F. M. Neubauer, M. K. Dougherty, A. I. Eriksson, M. W. Morooka, R. Gill, M. André, L. Eliasson, and I. Müller-Wodarg
Science 13 May 2005: 986-989.
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Energetic Neutral Atom Emissions from Titan Interaction with Saturn's Magnetosphere

D. G. Mitchell, P. C. Brandt, E. C. Roelof, J. Dandouras, S. M. Krimigis, and B. H. Mauk
Science 13 May 2005: 989-992.
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Titan's Magnetic Field Signature During the First Cassini Encounter

Heiko Backes, Fritz M. Neubauer, Michele K. Dougherty, Nicholas Achilleos, Nicolas André, Christopher S. Arridge, Cesar Bertucci, Geraint H. Jones, Krishan K. Khurana, Christopher T. Russell, and Alexandre Wennmacher
Science 13 May 2005: 992-995.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 13 May 2005: 921.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Living Laboratory in Peril

P. Dee Boersma, Hernan Vargas, and Godfrey Merlen
Science 13 May 2005: 925.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 13 May 2005: 927.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 13 May 2005: 933.
|Full Text »

 New Products

Science 13 May 2005: 1050.
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News of the Week

FUSION REACTOR:
ITER Rivals Agree to Terms; Site Said to Be Cadarache

Daniel Clery and Dennis Normile
Science 13 May 2005: 934-935.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

STEM CELL RESEARCH:
California Institute Picks City by the Bay

Constance Holden
Science 13 May 2005: 934.
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NASA ASTRONOMY:
New Space Telescope May Be Scaled Back

Andrew Lawler
Science 13 May 2005: 935.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MICROBIOLOGY:
Global Spread of Leprosy Tied to Human Migration

David Grimm
Science 13 May 2005: 936-937.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DOE WEAPONS LAB:
Los Alamos Appoints Interim Director

Eli Kintisch
Science 13 May 2005: 936.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECOLOGY:
Fish Moved by Warming Waters

Mason Inman
Science 13 May 2005: 937.
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SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGY:
Schools Fear Impact of Proposed License Changes

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 13 May 2005: 938-939.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Détente Declared on NIH Biodefense Funding

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 13 May 2005: 938.
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GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY:
Signs Point to Neutron-Star Crash

Robert Irion
Science 13 May 2005: 939.
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ScienceScope

Science 13 May 2005: 937.
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Random Samples

Science 13 May 2005: 948.
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News Focus

CLINICAL RESEARCH:
Advocating, the Clinical Way

Jennifer Couzin
Science 13 May 2005: 940-942.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

RESEARCH FUNDING:
Centers of Attention: NSF Takes Fresh Look at Their Proliferation

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 13 May 2005: 943-945.
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NEUROSCIENCE:
Reflecting on Another's Mind

Greg Miller
Science 13 May 2005: 945-947.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 13 May 2005: 951.
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 An Open Mind Is a Trojan Horse?

Erik I. Svensson
Science 13 May 2005: 951.
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 Terrestriality and Tool Use

Elisabetta Visalberghi, Dorothy Munkenbeck Fragaszy, Patricia Izar, Eduardo B. Ottoni;, Phyllis C. Lee, and Antonio C. de A. Moura
Science 13 May 2005: 951-952.
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 Consensus About Climate Change?

Roger A. Pielke, Jr.; and Naomi Oreskes
Science 13 May 2005: 952-954.
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 Interpreting Correlation as Causation?

James W. Aldridge
Science 13 May 2005: 954.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT:
A Long and Winding Road

Denis Duboule
Science 13 May 2005: 955-956.
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ASTRONOMY:
Going On from Observation

E. Margaret Burbidge
Science 13 May 2005: 956-957.
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 Books Received

Science 13 May 2005: 956.

Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Increasing International Gaps in Health-Related Publications

Guillermo Paraje, Ritu Sadana, and Ghassan Karam
Science 13 May 2005: 959-960.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

ECOLOGY:
25 Years of Ecological Change at Mount St. Helens

V. H. Dale, C. M. Crisafulli, and F. J. Swanson
Science 13 May 2005: 961-962.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE:
Rethinking Earth's Early Atmosphere

Christopher F. Chyba
Science 13 May 2005: 962-963.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY:
Flipping Lipids: Is the Third Time the Charm?

Amy L. Davidson and Jue Chen
Science 13 May 2005: 963-965.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EVOLUTION:
Enhanced: Did Early Humans Go North or South?

Peter Forster and Shuichi Matsumura
Science 13 May 2005: 965-966.
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GEOPHYSICS:
Past and Future Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault

Ray J. Weldon, Thomas E. Fumal, Glenn P. Biasi, and Katherine M. Scharer
Science 13 May 2005: 966-967.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders

Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Toomas Kivisild, Alla G. Reddy, Vijay Kumar Singh, Avinash A. Rasalkar, and Lalji Singh
Science 13 May 2005: 996.
The genetics of natives of islands in the Bay of Bengal suggest that humans migrated out of Africa by a southern route, along the coast of the Arabian Sea. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Implementation of the Semiclassical Quantum Fourier Transform in a Scalable System

J. Chiaverini, J. Britton, D. Leibfried, E. Knill, M. D. Barrett, R. B. Blakestad, W. M. Itano, J. D. Jost, C. Langer, R. Ozeri, T. Schaetz, and D. J. Wineland
Science 13 May 2005: 997-1000.
A useful transformation from spatial to momentum coordinates-essential to complex quantum computations-has been carried out with trapped beryllium ions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Picometer-Scale Electronic Control of Molecular Dynamics Inside a Single Molecule

M. Lastapis, M. Martin, D. Riedel, L. Hellner, G. Comtet, and G. Dujardin
Science 13 May 2005: 1000-1003.
Voltage pulses from a scanning tunneling microscope can control the shape of single molecules by changing their electronic excitation, an effect potentially useful in nanomachines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Glacial/Interglacial Changes in Subarctic North Pacific Stratification

S. L. Jaccard, G. H. Haug, D. M. Sigman, T. F. Pedersen, H. R. Thierstein, and U. Röhl
Science 13 May 2005: 1003-1006.
The North Pacific became more stratified during the last ice age, explaining reduced productivity then and perhaps the observed low glacial CO₂ levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Two Chemically Distinct Pools of Organic Nitrogen Accumulate in the Ocean

Lihini I. Aluwihare, Daniel J. Repeta, Silvio Pantoja, and Carl G. Johnson
Science 13 May 2005: 1007-1010.
Most ocean nitrogen occurs in two types of dissolved organic compound: one at shallow depths that is biologically available and a deep form that is resistant to degradation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Assessing Methane Emissions from Global Space-Borne Observations

C. Frankenberg, J. F. Meirink, M. van Weele, U. Platt, and T. Wagner
Science 13 May 2005: 1010-1014.
Published online 17 March 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106644] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite measurements of the global distribution of methane, an important greenhouse gas, show that tropical rainforests are a surprisingly large source of emissions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Hydrogen-Rich Early Earth Atmosphere

Feng Tian, Owen B. Toon, Alexander A. Pavlov, and H. De Sterck
Science 13 May 2005: 1014-1017.
Published online 7 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1106983] (in Science Express Reports)
Hydrogen escaped from early Earth's atmosphere much more slowly than previously thought, allowing a more reduced atmosphere that would favor synthesis of the building blocks of life. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Lichen-Like Symbiosis 600 Million Years Ago

Xunlai Yuan, Shuhai Xiao, and T. N. Taylor
Science 13 May 2005: 1017-1020.
Fossils from shallow marine rocks in China imply that lichens, the symbiotic association between fungi and algae or bacteria, had arisen by 600 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Structure of a pH-Sensing Mycobacterial Adenylyl Cyclase Holoenzyme

Ivo Tews, Felix Findeisen, Irmgard Sinning, Anita Schultz, Joachim E. Schultz, and Jürgen U. Linder
Science 13 May 2005: 1020-1023.
Comparison of the active and inactive structures of the enzyme that makes cyclic AMP reveals that an amino-terminal regulatory domain inhibits the enzyme at high pH. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural Basis of Energy Transduction in the Transport Cycle of MsbA

Jinhui Dong, Guangyong Yang, and Hassane S. Mchaourab
Science 13 May 2005: 1023-1028.
A membrane transporter exports drugs from bacteria, using ATP hydrolysis to flip the drug across the membrane, thus conferring resistance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of the ABC Transporter MsbA in Complex with ADP·Vanadate and Lipopolysaccharide

Christopher L. Reyes and Geoffrey Chang
Science 13 May 2005: 1028-1031.
A membrane transporter exports drugs from bacteria, using ATP hydrolysis to flip the drug across the membrane, thus conferring resistance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Human Mpp11 J Protein: Ribosome-Tethered Molecular Chaperones Are Ubiquitous

Heather A. Hundley, William Walter, Shawn Bairstow, and Elizabeth A. Craig
Science 13 May 2005: 1032-1034.
Published online 31 March 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1109247] (in Science Express Reports)
Molecular chaperones that help fold proteins as they emerge from the ribosome are similar in yeast and in human cells but distinct from those found in bacteria. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Vincent Macaulay, Catherine Hill, Alessandro Achilli, Chiara Rengo, Douglas Clarke, William Meehan, James Blackburn, Ornella Semino, Rosaria Scozzari, Fulvio Cruciani, Adi Taha, Norazila Kassim Shaari, Joseph Maripa Raja, Patimah Ismail, Zafarina Zainuddin, William Goodwin, David Bulbeck, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Stephen Oppenheimer, Antonio Torroni, and Martin Richards
Science 13 May 2005: 1034-1036.
The genetics of isolated south-east Asian populations suggest that humans migrated out of Africa by a southern route, along the coast of the Arabian Sea. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Induction of Protein Secretory Pathway Is Required for Systemic Acquired Resistance

Dong Wang, Natalie D. Weaver, Meenu Kesarwani, and Xinnian Dong
Science 13 May 2005: 1036-1040.
In reaction to a viral attack, plant cells manufacture the constituents needed to synthesize and secrete defense proteins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

On the Origin of Leprosy

Marc Monot, Nadine Honoré, Thierry Garnier, Romulo Araoz, Jean-Yves Coppée, Céline Lacroix, Samba Sow, John S. Spencer, Richard W. Truman, Diana L. Williams, Robert Gelber, Marcos Virmond, Béatrice Flageul, Sang-Nae Cho, Baohong Ji, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Jacinto Convit, Saroj Young, Paul E. Fine, Voahangy Rasolofo, Patrick J. Brennan, and Stewart T. Cole
Science 13 May 2005: 1040-1042.
A single clone of Mycobacterium leprae, a peculiar bacterium littered with pseudogenes, is responsible for almost all of the world's leprosy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice

Fred W. Turek, Corinne Joshu, Akira Kohsaka, Emily Lin, Ganka Ivanova, Erin McDearmon, Aaron Laposky, Sue Losee-Olson, Amy Easton, Dalan R. Jensen, Robert H. Eckel, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Joseph Bass
Science 13 May 2005: 1043-1045.
Published online 21 April 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1108750] (in Science Express Reports)
Mice with a gene mutation that disrupts their circadian rhythm show signs of metabolic syndrome, a precursor to diabetes, suggesting that proper timekeeping is essential for health. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Freedom and Rules: The Acquisition and Reprogramming of a Bird's Learned Song

Timothy J. Gardner, Felix Naef, and Fernando Nottebohm
Science 13 May 2005: 1046-1049.
Young canaries easily learn a synthetic song, but later adapt it to fit the phrasing and restricted vocabulary typical of adult canaries. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|