This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 March 2006: 1669.
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Editorial:
Ice and History

Donald Kennedy and Brooks Hanson
Science 24 March 2006: 1673.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 March 2006: 1675.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 24 March 2006: 1685.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 24 March 2006: 1785.
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News of the Week

DRUG TRIALS: Violent Reaction to Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Remains a Mystery

Eliot Marshall
Science 24 March 2006: 1688-1689.
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COSMOLOGY: Long-Awaited Data Sharpen Picture of Universe's Birth

Adrian Cho
Science 24 March 2006: 1689.
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ORGANIC ELECTRONICS: Plastics Break the Speed Barrier

Robert F. Service
Science 24 March 2006: 1691.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Cancer Institute Director Tapped for FDA

Jocelyn Kaiser and Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 March 2006: 1692.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: Studies Suggest Why Few Humans Catch the H5N1 Virus

Dennis Normile
Science 24 March 2006: 1692.
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CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS: Free-Flowing Supersolid Confirmed, But Origins Remain Murky

Adrian Cho
Science 24 March 2006: 1693.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Diabetes Studies Conflict on Power of Spleen Cells

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 March 2006: 1694.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Turmoil Threatens to Sink Canadian Journal

Paul Webster
Science 24 March 2006: 1695.
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RESEARCH MISCONDUCT: Seoul National University Dismisses Hwang

Yvette Wohn
Science 24 March 2006: 1695.
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MICROBIAL ECOLOGY: How a Marine Bacterium Adapts to Multiple Environments

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 24 March 2006: 1697.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 March 2006: 1691.
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Random Samples

Science 24 March 2006: 1687.
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Newsmakers

Science 24 March 2006: 1707.
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News Focus

CLIMATE CHANGE: A Worrying Trend of Less Ice, Higher Seas

Richard A. Kerr
Science 24 March 2006: 1698-1701.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Along the Road From Kyoto

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 March 2006: 1702-1703.
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GENETICS: A Clearer View of Macular Degeneration

Jean Marx
Science 24 March 2006: 1704-1705.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 March 2006: 1709.
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 How Many New Genes Are There?

Leo J. Lee, Timothy R. Hughes, Brendan J. Frey;, Piero Carninci, Julian Gough, Takeya Kasukawa, and Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Science 24 March 2006: 1709-1711.
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 Why Suicide Rates Are High in China

Michael Eddleston and David Gunnell
Science 24 March 2006: 1711-1713.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 24 March 2006: 1713.
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Books et al.

MOVIES: PRIMATOLOGY: The Greatest of Apes

Guy Cowlishaw
Science 24 March 2006: 1714.
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BOTANY: Conservation Lessons from Herbaria

Mike Maunder
Science 24 March 2006: 1715.
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 Browsing

Science 24 March 2006: 1715.
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Books Received

Science 24 March 2006: 1715.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND LAW: Intellectual Property and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Jeanne F. Loring and Cathryn Campbell
Science 24 March 2006: 1716-1717.
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Perspectives

CLIMATE CHANGE: Greenland Rumbles Louder as Glaciers Accelerate

Ian Joughin
Science 24 March 2006: 1719-1720.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Hitting the Ice Sheets Where It Hurts

Robert Bindschadler
Science 24 March 2006: 1720-1721.
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BIOMEDICINE: Lowering LDL--Not Only How Low, But How Long?

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein
Science 24 March 2006: 1721-1723.
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CHEMISTRY: Enhanced: Dissolved Natural Organic Matter as a Microreactor

John P. Hassett
Science 24 March 2006: 1723-1724.
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EVOLUTION: Tracing Oxygen's Imprint on Earth's Metabolic Evolution

Paul G. Falkowski
Science 24 March 2006: 1724-1725.
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Reviews

Mutation Pressure and the Evolution of Organelle Genomic Architecture

Michael Lynch, Britt Koskella, and Sarah Schaack
Science 24 March 2006: 1727-1730.
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The Nature and Dynamics of Bacterial Genomes

Howard Ochman and Liliana M. Davalos
Science 24 March 2006: 1730-1733.
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Brevia

An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube

Zhihong Chen, Joerg Appenzeller, Yu-Ming Lin, Jennifer Sippel-Oakley, Andrew G. Rinzler, Jinyao Tang, Shalom J. Wind, Paul M. Solomon, and Phaedon Avouris
Science 24 March 2006: 1735.
The use of different metals to form electrical contacts allows two types of transistors to be assembled along the same nanotube to form a ring oscillator. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Niche Partitioning Among Prochlorococcus Ecotypes Along Ocean-Scale Environmental Gradients

Zackary I. Johnson, Erik R. Zinser, Allison Coe, Nathan P. McNulty, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Sallie W. Chisholm
Science 24 March 2006: 1737-1740.
Clades of the most common phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean are specialized for particular regions demarcated by temperature, light, and the presence of competitors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

General Strategies for Nanoparticle Dispersion

Michael E. Mackay, Anish Tuteja, Phillip M. Duxbury, Craig J. Hawker, Brooke Van Horn, Zhibin Guan, Guanghui Chen, and R. S. Krishnan
Science 24 March 2006: 1740-1743.
Because their small size enhances their surface contact, chemically dissimilar nanoparticles can be blended with polymers, whereas larger particles separate out. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microheterogeneity of Singlet Oxygen Distributions in Irradiated Humic Acid Solutions

Douglas E. Latch and Kristopher McNeill
Science 24 March 2006: 1743-1747.
Published online 23 February 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1121636] (in Science Express Reports)
A hydrophobic probe reveals that there is much more reactive singlet oxygen, which degrades pollutants, in aqueous suspensions of organic matter than has been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Paleoclimatic Evidence for Future Ice-Sheet Instability and Rapid Sea-Level Rise

Jonathan T. Overpeck, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Gifford H. Miller, Daniel R. Muhs, Richard B. Alley, and Jeffrey T. Kiehl
Science 24 March 2006: 1747-1750.
Simulations of Earth’s climate 130,000 years ago, compared with warming projected to occur over the next century, imply that widespread melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is possible. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Simulating Arctic Climate Warmth and Icefield Retreat in the Last Interglaciation

Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Shawn J. Marshall, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Gifford H. Miller, Aixue Hu, and CAPE Last Interglacial Project members
Science 24 March 2006: 1751-1753.
Simulations of ice dynamics and climate 130,000 years ago indicate that melting of ice sheets in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic raised sea level by 2.2 to 3.4 meters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Measurements of Time-Variable Gravity Show Mass Loss in Antarctica

Isabella Velicogna and John Wahr
Science 24 March 2006: 1754-1756.
Published online 2 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123785] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite measurements of Earth’s gravity reveal that the mass of ice in Antarctica decreased from 2002 to 2005, mainly from losses in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Seasonality and Increasing Frequency of Greenland Glacial Earthquakes

Göran Ekström, Meredith Nettles, and Victor C. Tsai
Science 24 March 2006: 1756-1758.
Greenland glacier earthquakes produced beneath ice streams and outlet glaciers occur more often in summer and have doubled in frequency over the past 5 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Preparation and Structures of Hydrogen Ordered Phases of Ice

Christoph G. Salzmann, Paolo G. Radaelli, Andreas Hallbrucker, Erwin Mayer, and John L. Finney
Science 24 March 2006: 1758-1761.
The addition of hydrochloric acid to disordered phases of ice unlocks some of the trapped molecules and reveals two new high-pressure phases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Structure of Tracheal Cytotoxin in Complex with a Heterodimeric Pattern-Recognition Receptor

Chung-I Chang, Yogarany Chelliah, Dominika Borek, Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx, and Johann Deisenhofer
Science 24 March 2006: 1761-1764.
A bacterial peptide activates innate immune responses in Drosophila by inducing two recognition proteins to bind to each other. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Effect of Oxygen on Biochemical Networks and the Evolution of Complex Life

Jason Raymond and Daniel Segrè
Science 24 March 2006: 1764-1767.
Models that determine all possible biochemical reactions possible from sets of starting molecules show how oxygen permitted the evolution of complex metabolic systems. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genomic Islands and the Ecology and Evolution of Prochlorococcus

Maureen L. Coleman, Matthew B. Sullivan, Adam C. Martiny, Claudia Steglich, Kerrie Barry, Edward F. DeLong, and Sallie W. Chisholm
Science 24 March 2006: 1768-1770.
As with other bacteria, genetic differences between closely related strains of phytoplankton are clustered in genomic islands, probably acquired by phage-assisted lateral gene transfer. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response

Philip T. Liu, Steffen Stenger, Huiying Li, Linda Wenzel, Belinda H. Tan, Stephan R. Krutzik, Maria Teresa Ochoa, Jürgen Schauber, Kent Wu, Christoph Meinken, Diane L. Kamen, Manfred Wagner, Robert Bals, Andreas Steinmeyer, Ulrich Zügel, Richard L. Gallo, David Eisenberg, Martin Hewison, Bruce W. Hollis, John S. Adams, Barry R. Bloom, and Robert L. Modlin
Science 24 March 2006: 1770-1773.
Published online 23 February 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123933] (in Science Express Reports)
In humans, vitamin D is necessary for efficient induction of antimicrobial peptides that act against tuberculosis, perhaps explaining the therapeutic effect of sunlight. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reversal of Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice Without Spleen Cell-Derived ß Cell Regeneration

Anita S. Chong, Jikun Shen, Jing Tao, Dengping Yin, Andrey Kuznetsov, Manami Hara, and Louis H. Philipson
Science 24 March 2006: 1774-1775.
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Islet Recovery and Reversal of Murine Type 1 Diabetes in the Absence of Any Infused Spleen Cell Contribution

Junko Nishio, Jason L. Gaglia, Stuart E. Turvey, Christopher Campbell, Christophe Benoist, and Diane Mathis
Science 24 March 2006: 1775-1778.
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Immunological Reversal of Autoimmune Diabetes Without Hematopoietic Replacement of ß Cells

Anish Suri, Boris Calderon, Thomas J. Esparza, Katherine Frederick, Patrice Bittner, and Emil R. Unanue
Science 24 March 2006: 1778-1780.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can be alleviated in mice treated with spleen cells from another mouse, but not via transdifferentiation of the transplanted cells as had been suggested. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Immune Cell-Viral Biotherapy

Steve H. Thorne, Robert S. Negrin, and Christopher H. Contag
Science 24 March 2006: 1780-1784.
A combination cancer therapy, in which tumor-seeking immune cells deliver a tumor-destroying virus, is more effective in mice than either approach alone. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment"

Johnny C. L. Chan
Science 24 March 2006: 1713.
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Response to Comment on "Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment"

P. J. Webster, J. A. Curry, J. Liu, and G. J. Holland
Science 24 March 2006: 1713.
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