This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 31 March 2006: 1832.
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Editorial:
In Search of Biosecurity

David A. Relman, Eileen Choffnes, and Stanley M. Lemon
Science 31 March 2006: 1835.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 31 March 2006: 1836.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 31 March 2006: 1841.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 31 March 2006: 1943.
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News of the Week

DISASTER RELIEF: Too Late, Earth Scans Reveal the Power of a Killer Landslide

Richard Stone
Science 31 March 2006: 1844-1845.
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U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION: Foreign Grad Students Show Renewed Interest

Katherine Unger
Science 31 March 2006: 1845.
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HIGHER EDUCATION: $200 Million Gift for Ancient World Institute Triggers Backlash

Michael Balter
Science 31 March 2006: 1846.
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DNA TESTING: Genetic Screen Misses Mutations in Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer

Erik Stokstad
Science 31 March 2006: 1847.
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U.K. BUDGET: Government Aids Science Teaching, Streamlines Research Funding

Eliot Marshall
Science 31 March 2006: 1848-1849.
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PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES: Physics Institute Settles Suit, Takes Steps to Increase Diversity

Adrian Cho
Science 31 March 2006: 1848.
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ITALY: CNR Reform Moves Ahead, But Critics Cry Foul

Susan Biggin
Science 31 March 2006: 1849.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Nanocolumns Give YBCO Wires a Big Boost

Robert F. Service
Science 31 March 2006: 1850-1851.
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STEM CELLS: Versatile Sperm Cells May Offer Alternative to Embryos

Constance Holden
Science 31 March 2006: 1850.
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NEUROSCIENCE: The Thick and Thin of Brainpower: Developmental Timing Linked to IQ

Greg Miller
Science 31 March 2006: 1851.
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ScienceScope

Science 31 March 2006: 1847.
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Random Samples

Science 31 March 2006: 1843.
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Newsmakers

Science 31 March 2006: 1863.
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News Focus

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: A Cure for Medicine's Ailments?

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 31 March 2006: 1852-1854.
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BIOMEDICAL PATENTS: Broad Patent Faces Narrow Odds in Court Battle

Ken Garber
Science 31 March 2006: 1855-1857.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: New Signs of Ancient Life in Another Martian Meteorite?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 31 March 2006: 1858-1859.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Snapshots From the Meeting

Richard A. Kerr
Science 31 March 2006: 1858.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Tumbling Icy Moons

Richard A. Kerr
Science 31 March 2006: 1859.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Roughed Up and Far From Home

Richard A. Kerr
Science 31 March 2006: 1859.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Semiconductor Advance May Help Reclaim Energy From 'Lost' Heat

Robert F. Service
Science 31 March 2006: 1860.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: In a Jumble of Grains, a Good Hard Shake Restores Order

Adrian Cho
Science 31 March 2006: 1860-1861.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: New Trick With Silicon Film Could Herald a Bright Future for Rolled-Up Nanotubes

Adrian Cho
Science 31 March 2006: 1861.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 31 March 2006: 1865.
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 Invasive Plants

Kurt O. Reinhart; and Dana Blumenthal
Science 31 March 2006: 1865.
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 Save the Lab in Montemar, Chile

Ricardo Borges, O. Humberto Viveros, and Ramón Latorre
Science 31 March 2006: 1866.
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 Scrapie and the Origin of the Chinese "Itchy"

Hong-Yu Zhang
Science 31 March 2006: 1866-1867.
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 Disease but No Sheep

Ping Li and Hongbing Xing
Science 31 March 2006: 1867.
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Books et al.

PALEONTOLOGY: Crime Scene Investigation--Permian

Andrew M. Bush
Science 31 March 2006: 1868-1869.
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CELL BIOLOGY: Energizing Eukaryotes

David G. Nicholls
Science 31 March 2006: 1869.
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Books Received

Science 31 March 2006: 1869.
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Education Forum

DIVERSITY: Enhanced: Preparing Minority Scientists and Engineers

Michael F. Summers and Freeman A. Hrabowski III
Science 31 March 2006: 1870-1871.
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Perspectives

PLANT SCIENCE: β-Glucans--Brewer's Bane, Dietician's Delight

Kenneth Keegstra and Jonathan Walton
Science 31 March 2006: 1872-1873.
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GEOPHYSICS: Dangerous Tectonics, Fragile Buildings, and Tough Decisions

Roger Bilham
Science 31 March 2006: 1873-1875.
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IMMUNOLOGY: An Antibody Paradox, Resolved

Martin Prlic and Michael J. Bevan
Science 31 March 2006: 1875-1876.
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ASTRONOMY: A Neutron Star in F-sharp

Jonathan E. Grindlay
Science 31 March 2006: 1876-1877.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 31 March 2006: 1878-1879.
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Review

Stem Cells and Their Niches

Kateri A. Moore and Ihor R. Lemischka
Science 31 March 2006: 1880-1885.
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Brevia

How Fast Was Wild Wheat Domesticated?

Ken-ichi Tanno and George Willcox
Science 31 March 2006: 1886.
The abundance of wild shattered wheat spikelets in archaeological sites in the Near East implies that domestication of cereals started early but proceeded slowly. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

A Mitotic Lamin B Matrix Induced by RanGTP Required for Spindle Assembly

Ming-Ying Tsai, Shusheng Wang, Jill M. Heidinger, Dale K. Shumaker, Stephen A. Adam, Robert D. Goldman, and Yixian Zheng
Science 31 March 2006: 1887-1893.
Published online 16 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122771] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Lamin B, a structural protein of the interphase nucleus also coordinates assembly of the mitotic spindle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cenozoic Plant Diversity in the Neotropics

Carlos Jaramillo, Milton J. Rueda, and Germán Mora
Science 31 March 2006: 1893-1896.
A 45-million-year record of fossil pollen reveals that speciation induced by climate warming episodically increased biological diversity in neotropical forests. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Deformation and Slip Along the Sunda Megathrust in the Great 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake

Richard W. Briggs, Kerry Sieh, Aron J. Meltzner, Danny Natawidjaja, John Galetzka, Bambang Suwargadi, Ya-ju Hsu, Mark Simons, Nugroho Hananto, Imam Suprihanto, Dudi Prayudi, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Linette Prawirodirdjo, and Yehuda Bock
Science 31 March 2006: 1897-1901.
Exposed coral reefs and shorelines and Global Positioning System data show that the huge 2005 Indonesian earthquake produced belts of uplift and subsidence extending up to an aseismic region. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

A Radio Pulsar Spinning at 716 Hz

Jason W. T. Hessels, Scott M. Ransom, Ingrid H. Stairs, Paulo C. C. Freire, Victoria M. Kaspi, and Fernando Camilo
Science 31 March 2006: 1901-1904.
Published online 12 January 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123430] (in Science Express Reports)
A neutron star in the Terzan 5 globular cluster is rotating 15 percent more rapidly than other known pulsars, constraining its radius to about 16 kilometers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

A Linear Homocatenated Compound Containing Six Indium Centers

Michael S. Hill, Peter B. Hitchcock, and Ruti Pongtavornpinyo
Science 31 March 2006: 1904-1907.
A judiciously chosen ligand stabilizes a compound with six indium centers linked in a chain, geometry reminiscent of hydrocarbons and surprising for a heavy element. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rotational Coherence and a Sudden Breakdown in Linear Response Seen in Room-Temperature Liquids

Amy C. Moskun, Askat E. Jailaubekov, Stephen E. Bradforth, Guohua Tao, and Richard M. Stratt
Science 31 March 2006: 1907-1911.
Cyanide fragments generated with high angular momentum in water or alcohol appear to push aside the solvent and rotate for picoseconds as though in the gas phase. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High-Performance High-T_c Superconducting Wires

S. Kang, A. Goyal, J. Li, A. A. Gapud, P. M. Martin, L. Heatherly, J. R. Thompson, D. K. Christen, F. A. List, M. Paranthaman, and D. F. Lee
Science 31 March 2006: 1911-1914.
Deposition of a thin, high-temperature superconductor film on a metal substrate produces superconducting wires capable of carrying sufficient current for many applications. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Significant Warming of the Antarctic Winter Troposphere

J. Turner, T. A. Lachlan-Cope, S. Colwell, G. J. Marshall, and W. M. Connolley
Science 31 March 2006: 1914-1917.
The wintertime temperature of the Antarctic troposphere has risen by more than 0.5 degrees Celsius per year over the past 30 years, a rate larger than that for any other region. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Changes in Surface Water Supply Across Africa with Predicted Climate Change

Maarten de Wit and Jacek Stankiewicz
Science 31 March 2006: 1917-1921.
Published online 2 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1119929] (in Science Express Reports)
Simulations of future precipitation imply that reduced stream flow will further restrict water availability across much of sub-Saharan Africa over the next century. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Fusion-Entry Receptor: Cystine Transporter xCT

Johnan A. R. Kaleeba and Edward A. Berger
Science 31 March 2006: 1921-1924.
The Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus enters human cells by binding to a transporter that shuttles metabolic precursors into cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Selective Stimulation of T Cell Subsets with Antibody-Cytokine Immune Complexes

Onur Boyman, Marek Kovar, Mark P. Rubinstein, Charles D. Surh, and Jonathan Sprent
Science 31 March 2006: 1924-1927.
Published online 16 February 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122927] (in Science Express Reports)
The paradoxical stimulation of memory immune cells is explained by an unusual activation of a growth factor when bound to an antibody usually thought to be inhibitory. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Critical Role for the Innate Immune Signaling Molecule IRAK-4 in T Cell Activation

Nobutaka Suzuki, Shinobu Suzuki, Douglas G. Millar, Midori Unno, Hiromitsu Hara, Thomas Calzascia, Sho Yamasaki, Tadashi Yokosuka, Nien-Jung Chen, Alisha R. Elford, Jun-ichiro Suzuki, Arata Takeuchi, Christine Mirtsos, Denis Bouchard, Pamela S. Ohashi, Wen-Chen Yeh, and Takashi Saito
Science 31 March 2006: 1927-1932.
A signaling enzyme known to participate in innate immunity in mice is unexpectedly also required for adaptive immune responses in T cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome-Wide Detection of Polymorphisms at Nucleotide Resolution with a Single DNA Microarray

David Gresham, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Stephen C. Pratt, Joseph Schacherer, Maitreya J. Dunham, David Botstein, and Leonid Kruglyak
Science 31 March 2006: 1932-1936.
Published online 9 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123726] (in Science Express Reports)
Hybridization of yeast DNA from a test strain to a microarray with redundant reference DNA simply and rapidly identifies most of the polymorphisms between the two strains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rice Domestication by Reducing Shattering

Changbao Li, Ailing Zhou, and Tao Sang
Science 31 March 2006: 1936-1939.
Published online 9 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123604] (in Science Express Reports)
The retention of rice grains on the plant after ripening—a trait important for domestication—is the result of a single nucleotide change in a transcription factor gene. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cellulose Synthase-Like CslF Genes Mediate the Synthesis of Cell Wall (1,3;1,4)-ß-D-Glucans

Rachel A. Burton, Sarah M. Wilson, Maria Hrmova, Andrew J. Harvey, Neil J. Shirley, Anne Medhurst, Bruce A. Stone, Edward J. Newbigin, Antony Bacic, and Geoffrey B. Fincher
Science 31 March 2006: 1940-1942.
An enzyme identified in rice generates a complex sugar found in the cell walls of many grains that are as important as human and animal food. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|